Surveillance of communicable diseases is a systematic and ongoing process of collecting information and analyzing data on cases of infectious diseases. It provides relevant information to decision makers for public health priorities and resource allocation. By this process, public health professionals can determine actions that are needed to prevent outbreaks and reduce the burden of communicable diseases.

The National Drinking Water Quality Standard, 2079 has assigned the water quality surveillance and certification of a water safety plan to the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) and its agencies for maintaining the drinking water quality as per the standards. Therefore, in the case of the federal government Ministry of Health and Population and its subordinate bodies, likely for the provincial government, the relevant ministry or recognized independent body looking at the health sector, and for the local level, the relevant unit or recognized independent body designated by the local level should be considered as surveillance agency.

Fig: National Level: Institutional Framework of Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance

Fig: Provincial Level: Institutional Framework of Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance